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From: I0OJJ @ I0OJJ.ITA.EU (Gustavo)
To: AMSAT @ WW
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From: "Mitch Ahrenstorff (AD0HJ) via ANS" <ans@amsat.org
Subject: [ANS] ANS-208 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 11:45:37 EDT
Reply-To: "Mitch Ahrenstorff (AD0HJ)" <mahrenstorff@amsat.org>
To: space@ww
AMSAT NEWS SERVICE
ANS-208
In this edition:
* AMSAT Submits Formal Objection to AST SpaceMobile Plan, FCC Records 2,283
Comments
* Amateur Radio Enthusiasts Decode SSMIS After DoD Ends Public Hurricane Da
ta Stream
* SpaceX Launches NASA's TRACERS Mission to Study Solar Wind and Magnetic R
econnection
* NASA, ISRO Set to Launch NISAR Satellite to Map Earth and Monitor Glacier
s, Faults, and Crops
* Changes to AMSAT-NA TLE Distribution for July 25, 2025
* ARISS News
* AMSAT Ambassador Activities
* Satellite Shorts From All Over
The AMSAT News Service bulletins are a free, weekly news and information se
rvice of AMSAT, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. ANS publishes news
related to Amateur Radio in Space including reports on the activities of a
worldwide group of Amateur Radio operators who share an active interest in
designing, building, launching and communicating through analog and digita
l Amateur Radio satellites.
The news feed on https://www.amsat.org publishes news of Amateur Radio in S
pace as soon as our volunteers can post it.
Please send any amateur satellite news or reports to: ans-editor [at] amsat
.org<http://amsat.org>
You can sign up for free e-mail delivery of the AMSAT News Service Bulletin
s via the ANS List; to join this list see: https://mailman.amsat.org/postor
ius/lists/ans.amsat.org/
ANS-208 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins
To: All RADIO AMATEURS
>From: Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation
712 H Street NE, Suite 1653
Washington, DC 20002
DATE 2025 Jul 27
________________________________
AMSAT Submits Formal Objection to AST SpaceMobile Plan, FCC Records 2,220 C
omments
The public comment period has officially closed for FCC Space Bureau Docket
25-201, which reviewed a request by AST & Science, LLC (AST SpaceMobile) t
o use the 430-440 MHz band for telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) oper
ations. This spectrum includes 435-438 MHz, a critical allocation for the a
mateur satellite service. The filing window ended at midnight Eastern Time
on July 21.
AMSAT submitted formal comments opposing the proposal, citing the extensive
non-commercial use of 435-438 MHz by amateur satellites, including OSCAR-c
lass spacecraft, educational CubeSats, and the ARISS station aboard the Int
ernational Space Station. AMSAT also highlighted ongoing interference cause
d by AST's BlueWalker-3 satellite on 437.500 MHz, which has disrupted Inspi
reSAT-1. The filing urges the Commission to deny AST's request and preserve
the integrity of the amateur satellite service.
The international amateur satellite community also responded forcefully. AM
SAT-DL (Germany) provided direct evidence of BlueWalker-3 interference rece
ived at the Bochum Observatory. AMSAT-SM (Sweden) filed in opposition as we
ll, and the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) pointed out that AST's
use of 430-440 MHz under ITU Radio Regulation Article 4.4 lacks required s
haring studies and would pose significant interference risks to amateur ope
rations worldwide.
As of the close of the comment period, the FCC docket recorded 2,283 total
filings, a remarkable outpouring of concern from the amateur community. Whi
le not all filings were express comments in opposition, the overwhelming ma
jority appear to be from individual amateur radio operators urging the FCC
to reject AST's request. The ARRL encouraged its members to participate. Th
e result is one of the most heavily commented amateur-spectrum proceedings
in recent FCC history.
[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/AMSAT_25-201_Fi
ling_Excerpt_1024x550.png]<https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/10721071371102
/1>
AMSAT's submitted comments to the FCC on Docket 25-201 regarding 430-440 MH
z spectrum use. (Click image to view the full filing)
AST has maintained that its use of the band would be limited to early-orbit
phases and emergencies, but commenters-including AMSAT-argue that such "li
mited use" does not mitigate the real potential for interference. AMSAT emp
hasized that many amateur satellites rely on IARU-coordinated use of 435-43
8 MHz, and that commercial systems should operate in bands explicitly alloc
ated for space operations-not shared amateur satellite spectrum.
The FCC's reply comment window remains open through August 5, 2025. During
this period, individuals and organizations may respond directly to previous
ly filed comments, clarify technical concerns, and reinforce the case for p
reserving amateur access to 435-438 MHz. AMSAT encourages reply commenters
to cite interference data, highlight educational and non-commercial uses, a
nd support the formal filings made by AMSAT and IARU.
After the reply deadline, the FCC Space Bureau will review the entire docke
t record. This process may take weeks or months and may culminate in a prop
osed order or public notice. While there is no petition-to-deny window in t
his particular docket, stakeholders may still file additional comments or s
eek reconsideration if the Commission issues a preliminary decision.
AMSAT will continue to monitor the proceeding and work in coordination with
the IARU and international partners to protect amateur satellite spectrum.
The 435-438 MHz allocation remains a cornerstone of AMSAT's mission to pro
mote education, experimentation, and global collaboration in space communic
ations. AMSAT thanks all who filed comments and urges continued engagement
as the proceeding advances.
[ANS thanks AMSAT<https://x.com/AMSAT> and the FCC Electronic Comment Filin
g System (ECFS)<https://www.fcc.gov/ecfs/search/search-filings> for the abo
ve information]
________________________________
Amateur Radio Enthusiasts Decode SSMIS After DoD Ends Public Hurricane Data
Stream
Amateur radio enthusiasts have developed a method to access critical hurric
ane monitoring data following a decision by the U.S. government to end onli
ne distribution. The data originates from the Special Sensor Microwave Imag
er Sounder (SSMIS) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMS
P), long used by meteorologists to monitor storm development.
In June, the Department of Defense announced it would discontinue public ac
cess to real-time SSMIS data, citing cybersecurity concerns. Although the c
utoff was postponed until August, forecasters warned that losing this sourc
e of microwave imagery would hinder their ability to analyze tropical cyclo
ne structure, particularly under cloud cover or at night.
In response, amateur radio enthusiasts developed a workaround led by the Sa
tDump project's creator. The SatDump software project has released a new de
coder that allows users to receive SSMIS transmissions directly from the sa
tellite. Although official distribution is scheduled to stop soon, the sate
llite continues to broadcast unencrypted signals over the United States and
polar regions.
[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/ssmis_satdump_d
ecoder_sample-1024x551.jpg]<https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uplo
ads/2025/07/ssmis_satdump_decoder_sample.jpg>
SSMIS microwave data from a DMSP satellite is now accessible via SatDump ah
ead of cutoff plans. [Credit: @aang254<https://x.com/aang254>]
With the right radio hardware-details of which are available online-users c
an intercept the satellite's signal independently. The decoder software was
built using a combination of reverse engineering and publicly available do
cumentation to replicate some of the functionality NOAA had previously prov
ided.
Not all data channels are accessible using this method. Thermal data in par
ticular remains unavailable due to the absence of reference materials neede
d for decoding. Still, the tool provides valuable insight for those monitor
ing storms during hurricane season.
The decoder is still under active development and is available in the "very
wip" branch of the SatDump GitHub repository at https://github.com/SatDump/
SatDump. Interested users can download the tool and find setup instructions
and ongoing updates through the project page.
Read the full article at: https://www.theregister.com/2025/07/21/ssmis_sate
llite_decoder/
[ANS thanks Lindsay Clark<http://@datadictum>, The Register<https://www.the
register.com/>, for the above information]
________________________________
The 2025 AMSAT President's Club Coins Have Just Arrived!
Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of Amateur Radio on Human Spaceflight
[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-PC-Coin-2-
Sided-Color-Web-300x148.jpg]
Help Support GOLF and Fox Plus.
Join<https://www.amsat.org/join-the-amsat-presidents-club/> the AMSAT Presi
dent's Club today!
________________________________
SpaceX Launches NASA's TRACERS Mission to Study Solar Wind and Magnetic Rec
onnection
NASA's TRACERS mission successfully launched from Vandenberg Space Force Ba
se in California on Wednesday, July 23, following a one-day delay caused by
airspace concerns. The mission, carried into orbit aboard a SpaceX Falcon
9 rocket, aims to improve scientific understanding of space weather by stud
ying how solar wind affects Earth's magnetic field.
TRACERS, short for Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissa
nce Satellites, consists of two identical spacecraft designed to fly in clo
se formation. Their mission is to monitor magnetic reconnection events, whe
re Earth's magnetic field lines snap and reconnect due to surges in solar w
ind. These reconnection events are responsible for geomagnetic storms and a
uroras, and can potentially disrupt satellites and electrical grids on Eart
h.
The Falcon 9 rocket lifted off at 2:13 p.m. EDT (1813 UTC) and successfully
returned its first stage to a landing at Vandenberg less than eight minute
s after launch. This marked the 16th flight for the booster. The rocket's u
pper stage continued carrying TRACERS to its target altitude of 367 miles (
590 kilometers) in low Earth orbit.
[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/NASA_TRACERS_Cl
eanroom_Vandenberg_2025-1024x576.png]<https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-co
ntent/uploads/2025/07/NASA_TRACERS_Cleanroom_Vandenberg_2025.png>
The twin TRACERS spacecraft, wrapped for handling, inside the clean room at
Vandenberg. [Credit: Millennium Space Systems<https://www.millennium-space
.com/>]
In addition to TRACERS, the launch also carried five secondary payloads, in
cluding two private spacecraft named LIDE and Skykraft 4. Three additional
NASA-affiliated missions were also aboard the flight, each focused on testi
ng new technologies and studying space environments.
Among the ride-along NASA missions was Athena EPIC, a SmallSat aimed at imp
roving cost-effective integration of Earth-observing instruments into orbit
. Also included was the Polylingual Experimental Terminal, which will test
spacecraft communication across different satellite networks, and the REAL
mission, a cubesat designed to study and eventually mitigate harmful high-e
nergy particles in the Van Allen radiation belts.
All six payloads - TRACERS and its fellow spacecraft - were successfully de
ployed during a 50-minute window beginning roughly 55 minutes after launch.
The TRACERS mission is managed in collaboration with the University of Iow
a, with the goal of enhancing models of space weather and protecting infras
tructure from solar activity.
Read the full article at: https://www.space.com/science/nasa-launching-trac
ers-mission-to-protect-earth-from-space-weather-today-how-to-watch-live
[ANS thanks Keith Cooper, Space.com<https://www.space.com/>, for the above
information]
________________________________
NASA, ISRO Set to Launch NISAR Satellite to Map Earth and Monitor Glaciers,
Faults, and Crops
A new Earth-observing satellite developed jointly by NASA and the Indian Sp
ace Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to enhance global monitoring of lan
d and ice. The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar mission, known as NISAR,
will track surface changes with unprecedented accuracy, helping scientists
and decision-makers address challenges ranging from natural disasters to fo
od security. The satellite is scheduled to launch on July 30, 2025, at 8:10
a.m. EDT (12:10 UTC) from India's Satish Dhawan Space Centre aboard ISRO's
GSLV-F16 launch vehicle.
NISAR is the first collaborative satellite mission of its kind between the
two space agencies. It combines NASA's L-band radar with ISRO's S-band rada
r to produce high-resolution measurements of Earth's surface, regardless of
weather or lighting conditions. This dual-radar approach will allow scient
ists to detect subtle shifts in glaciers, faults, wetlands, and farmland, a
nd to develop a deeper understanding of how these systems evolve over time.
The satellite's radar reflector antenna spans 39 feet and will scan Earth's
surface every 12 days. The system is capable of detecting ground movement
as small as fractions of an inch, providing critical insight into potential
earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic activity. NISAR will also monitor in
frastructure like dams and levees, alerting engineers to changes in surroun
ding land that may affect structural stability.
[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/NASA_ISRO_NISAR
_illustration_2025-1024x576.jpg]<https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content
/uploads/2025/07/NASA_ISRO_NISAR_illustration_2025-scaled.jpg>
Artist rendering of NISAR, a NASA-ISRO radar satellite that will scan Earth
every 12 days. [Credit: NASA<https://x.com/NASA>/JPL-Caltech<https://x.com
/NASAJPL>]
Data collected by NISAR will be processed and distributed via cloud platfor
ms, with open access for researchers and governments around the world. Over
its primary mission, NISAR is expected to generate about 80 terabytes of d
ata products per day-making it the most data-intensive Earth science satell
ite ever launched by NASA or ISRO. These data will support everything from
climate studies to emergency response planning.
The mission also plays a vital role in monitoring ecosystems and agricultur
al resources. With its ability to penetrate forest canopies and monitor moi
sture levels in soil and vegetation, NISAR will contribute to studies of fo
rest health, crop yields, and carbon cycling. Its global coverage will be e
specially valuable in regions that lack consistent satellite monitoring.
The NISAR project is managed jointly by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory an
d multiple ISRO centers, with key hardware contributions from both nations.
Engineers from California and India collaborated to integrate and test the
satellite, which represents a new chapter in U.S.-India civil space cooper
ation. NISAR continues the legacy of synthetic aperture radar missions whil
e expanding their reach and resolution on a global scale.
Read the full article at: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/5-things-to-know-ab
out-powerful-new-us-india-satellite-nisar/
[ANS thanks the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory<https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/>,
for the above information]
________________________________
[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/AMSAT-SDR-Gen2-
GNU-Radio-Based-Transverter.jpg]<https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content
/uploads/2025/02/AMSAT-SDR-Gen2-GNU-Radio-Based-Transverter.jpg>
________________________________
Changes to AMSAT-NA TLE Distribution for July 25, 2025
Two Line Elements or TLEs, often referred to as Keplerian elements or keps
in the amateur community, are the inputs to the SGP4 standard mathematical
model of spacecraft orbits used by most amateur tracking programs. Weekly u
pdates are completely adequate for most amateur satellites. TLE bulletin fi
les are updated daily in the first hour of the UTC day. New bulletin files
will be posted immediately after reliable elements become available for new
amateur satellites. More information may be found at https://www.amsat.org
/keplerian-elements-resources/.
NOTICE: In an effort to minimize confusion between sources of two line elem
ent sets, AMSAT is adopting the convention of listing the USSF/NORAD Satell
ite Catalog name first, followed by any secondary name or names in parenthe
ses. For example, "POEM 4 (BGS ARPIT)" was added recently where "POEM 4" is
the name that appears in the US Space Force Satellite Catalog, and "BGS AR
PIT" is the name best known within the amateur satellite community. Expect
name changes for affected satellites in the coming weeks as this change is
fully implemented.
This week there are no additions or deletions to the AMSAT TLE distribution
.
[ANS thanks AMSAT Orbital Elements<https://www.amsat.org/keplerian-elements
-resources/> page for the above information]
________________________________
ARISS NEWS
Amateurs and others around the world may listen in on contacts between amat
eurs operating in schools and allowing students to interact with astronauts
and cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station. The downlink freque
ncy on which to listen is 145.800 MHz worldwide.
+ Upcoming Contacts
Youth Camp "Cosmos" of Elabuga district, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, dir
ect via TBD
The ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be RSISS
The scheduled crewmember is TBD
The ARISS mentor is RV3DR
Contact is go for Mon 2025-07-28 TBD UTC
Osaka-Kansai Japan Expo, Osaka, Japan, direct via 8K3EXPO
The ISS callsign is presently scheduled to be OR4ISS
The scheduled crewmember is Takaya Onishi KF5LKS
The ARISS mentor is 7M3TJZ
Contact is go for: Fri 2025-08-01 09:45:06 UTC
Many times a school may make a last minute decision to do a Livestream or r
un into a last minute glitch requiring a change of the URL but we at ARISS
may not get the URL in time for publication. You can always check https://l
ive.ariss.org/ to see if a school is Livestreaming.
The crossband repeater continues to be active (145.990 MHz up {PL 67} & 437
.800 MHz down). If any crewmember is so inclined, all they have to do is pi
ck up the microphone, raise the volume up, and talk on the crossband repeat
er. So give a listen, you just never know.
The packet system is also active (145.825 MHz up & down).
As always, if there is an EVA, a docking, or an undocking; the ARISS radios
are turned off as part of the safety protocol.
Note, all times are approximate. It is recommended that you do your own orb
ital prediction or start listening about 10 minutes before the listed time.
The latest information on the operation mode can be found at https://www.ar
iss.org/current-status-of-iss-stations.html
The latest list of frequencies in use can be found at https://www.ariss.org
/contact-the-iss.html
[ANS thanks Charlie Sufana, AJ9N, one of the ARISS operation team mentors f
or the above information]
________________________________
AMSAT Ambassador Activities
AMSAT Ambassadors provide presentations, demonstrate communicating through
amateur satellites, and host information tables at club meetings, hamfests,
conventions, maker faires, and other events.
AMSAT Ambassador Clint Bradford, K6LCS, says,
"Think a 75-minute presentation on "working the easy satellites" would be a
ppropriate for your club or event? Let me know by emailing me at k6lcsclint
(at) gmail (dot) com or calling me at 909-999-SATS (7287)!"
Clint has NEVER given the exact same show twice: EACH of the 150+ presentat
ions so far has been customized/tailored to their audiences.
Scheduled Events
Northeast HamXposition (HamX) & New England ARRL Convention - August 21st t
hru 24th, 2025
Best Western Royal Plaza & Trade Center
181 Boston Post Road West
Marlborough, MA 01752
http://www.HamX.org
W1EME, WD4ASW, WB1FJ
Greater Louisville Hamfest - September 6th, 2025
Paroquet Springs Conference Centre
395 Paroquet Springs Drive
Shepherdsville, KY 40165
https://louisvillehamfest.wixsite.com/louisvillehamfest
W4FCL
43rd Annual AMSAT Space Symposium & Annual General Meeting - October 16th t
hru 19th, 2025
Holiday Inn & Suites Phoenix Airport North
1515 North 44th Street
Phoenix, Arizona 85008
https://www.amsat.org/2025-symposium/
Interested in becoming an AMSAT Ambassador? AMSAT Ambassadors provide prese
ntations, demonstrate communicating through amateur satellites, and host in
formation tables at club meetings, hamfests, conventions, maker faires, and
other events.
For more information go to: https://www.amsat.org/ambassador/
[ANS thanks Bo Lowrey, W4FCL, Director - AMSAT Ambassador Program, for the
above information]
________________________________
AMSAT Remove Before Flight Key Tags Now Available
Yes, These are the Real Thing!
[https://www.amsat.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Keytag1D-300x15
5.jpg]<https://www.zazzle.com/amsat_car_flag-256716714380264543>
Your $20 Donation Goes to Help Fly a Fox-Plus Satellite
Includes First Class Postage (Sorry - U.S. Addresses Only)
Order Today at https://www.amsat.org/product/amsat-remove-before-flight-key
chain<https://www.amsat.org/product/amsat-remove-before-flight-keychain/>
________________________________
Satellite Shorts From All Over
+ ARISS SSTV Series 28 ran from July 14-20, 2025, transmitting 12 commemora
tive images from the International Space Station to honor the Apollo-Soyuz
Test Project and STS-51F, which helped pioneer SSTV from space. The event d
rew strong global interest, with more than 8,650 images submitted to the AR
ISS gallery-an increase from Series 27. Over 3,300 individuals uploaded dec
odes, and nearly half of all participants were educators or students, highl
ighting SSTV's appeal in STEM education. Europe led with 42% of submissions
, followed by Asia (23%), North America (12%), South America (8%), Oceania
(4%), Africa (1.3%), and Antarctica (0.01%). All seven continents were repr
esented, demonstrating SSTV's remarkable accessibility with modest equipmen
t. ARISS thanks everyone who participated and helped make Series 28 a resou
nding worldwide success. (ANS thanks ARISS<https://x.com/ARISS_Intl> for th
e above information)
+ On July 22, 2025, Earth completed its rotation 1.34 milliseconds faster t
han the standard 24-hour day, making it the second-shortest day on record s
ince precise atomic clock measurements began in 1973. This continues a puzz
ling trend observed since 2020, during which Earth has repeatedly broken it
s own speed records - the shortest day to date was July 5, 2024, at 1.66 mi
lliseconds short. While day length variations are not new over geologic tim
e, the recent acceleration defies easy explanation and may point to changes
deep within the planet. One leading theory attributes the shift to interac
tions in Earth's liquid core, which could be redistributing angular momentu
m and subtly speeding up the mantle and crust. Other scientists suggest mel
ting polar ice and rising sea levels may be influencing Earth's rotation, t
hough likely as a moderating factor rather than the main cause. Experts bel
ieve the acceleration may be temporary, and Earth's long-term trend toward
slower rotation and longer days could soon resume. (ANS thanks Space.com<ht
tps://www.space.com/> for the above information)
+ The long-anticipated reinstallation of HamTV is scheduled to take place o
n the ISS on Tuesday, July 29. Work on the system will occur between 3:55 A
M EDT and 5:55 AM EDT (07:55 UTC to 09:55 UTC), and successful completion c
ould lead to test transmissions beginning the same day. HamTV is a digital
amateur television system developed for educational outreach, allowing stud
ents to see live video from space during school contacts with the ISS. The
system transmits MPEG-2 video using the DVB-S protocol, with a downlink fre
quency of 2395 MHz (2.395 GHz), and relies on modest ground station equipme
nt for reception. Originally launched in 2014, HamTV is housed in the Colum
bus module but has been offline since 2018 pending equipment refurbishment
and crew time for reinstallation. More information is available on the BATC
Wiki at wiki.batc.org.uk/HAMTV_from_the_ISS and in the ARISS discussion ch
annel on Discord at discord.gg/JrmXw58U8T. (ANS thanks ARISS<https://x.com/
ARISS_Intl> for the above information)
+ KrakenRF Inc has announced the upcoming launch of the Discovery Drive, an
affordable automatic antenna rotator designed for the Discovery Dish and s
imilar antennas like Wi-Fi grid and Yagi types. A pre-launch page is now li
ve at crowdsupply.com/krakenrf/discovery-drive<http://crowdsupply.com/krake
nrf/discovery-drive>, where users can sign up to receive notifications and
secure early-bird pricing with at least $100 off during the crowdfunding ca
mpaign. The motorized rotator enables tracking of fast-moving polar orbitin
g satellites such as NOAA POES, METEOR-M2, METOP, and FENGYUN, and allows q
uick switching between geostationary satellites. It also supports amateur r
adio satellite tracking using rotctl-compatible software like SatDump, GPre
dict, and Look4Sat. Discovery Drive features a built-in ESP32 controller wi
th Wi-Fi and USB connectivity, 1.5 accuracy, and a waterproof enclosu
re-no external controller required. With open-source firmware, low power co
nsumption, and robust gear-locked output drives, it offers an accessible an
d user-friendly solution for satellite and directional antenna users. (ANS
thanks KrakenRF<https://www.crowdsupply.com/krakenrf> for the above informa
tion)
________________________________
Join AMSAT today at https://launch.amsat.org/
In addition to regular membership, AMSAT offers membership to:
* Societies (a recognized group, clubs or organization).
* Primary and secondary school students are eligible for membership at one-
half the standard yearly rate.
* Post-secondary school students enrolled in at least half-time status shal
l be eligible for the student rate for a maximum of 6 post-secondary years
in this status.
* Memberships are available for annual and lifetime terms.
Contact info [at] amsat.org<https://www.amsat.org> for additional membershi
p information.
73 and remember to help Keep Amateur Radio in Space!
This week's ANS Editor, Mitch Ahrenstorff, ADHJ
mahrenstorff [at] amsat.org<https://www.amsat.org>
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